分(fen)享深孔加工技術(shu)的關鍵在哪里(li)?
深孔就是(shi)指深度與直徑比L/d≥5的孔，是(shi)機(ji)械設(she)備加工中的一道(dao)難點，尤(you)其是(shi)大(da)深徑比的深孔加工，難題取決于刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)長細，剛度差、抗壓(ya)強度低，易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)傾(qing)斜，且排熱艱難，銑(xian)面不容(rong)易(yi)，常常造(zao)成(cheng)直徑增大(da)、出(chu)現錐(zhui)型或(huo)孔傾(qing)斜等狀(zhuang)況，進(jin)而(er)達不上(shang)品質規定。
零件深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工采(cai)用(yong)基本的鉆削方(fang)法，需延長(chang)麻花(hua)鉆頭，并且要斷(duan)屑加(jia)(jia)(jia)工，不(bu)但(dan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工精密度低、粗糙(cao)度差(cha),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工效率低、作(zuo)業者勞動效率大(da)(da)、品(pin)(pin)質無法確保，并且非常容易造(zao)成(cheng)堵屑或(huo)斷(duan)裂麻花(hua)鉆，導致更大(da)(da)的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工艱難，因(yin)而刀具是(shi)挑(tiao)選(xuan)(xuan)深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)型(xing)刀具。機器設(she)(she)備的采(cai)用(yong)充分(fen)考慮本企業產(chan)品(pin)(pin)類別(bie)多(duo)，深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)種差(cha)別(bie)大(da)(da)，且生(sheng)產(chan)制造(zao)大(da)(da)批量(liang)較小，不(bu)太可能購買深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)設(she)(she)備，以便能夠更好地確保深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)精密度規定，融(rong)合加(jia)(jia)(jia)工廠具體，挑(tiao)選(xuan)(xuan)適合的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工機器設(she)(she)備來考慮深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工的技(ji)術標準(zhun)。
深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)家選用了二種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)計劃方案開展(zhan)實驗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)：一種(zhong)是進(jin)到(dao)導(dao)向性孔(kong)和(he)撤出深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)時，均采用低(di)于(yu)鉆(zhan)削(xue)時轉數(shu)和(he)進(jin)給率的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)開展(zhan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong);另一種(zhong)是以較低(di)轉數(shu)和(he)進(jin)給率翻轉進(jin)到(dao)導(dao)向性孔(kong)，以零(ling)(ling)(ling)轉數(shu)和(he)G0的(de)(de)(de)速率迅速撤出深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)。歷經實驗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發覺：一種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率低(di)且零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝性能差，而二種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率且品質不錯。因(yin)而，在(zai)(zai)確保充(chong)足(zu)制(zhi)冷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作壓力的(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)下(xia)，挑(tiao)選二種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)開展(zhan)了刀(dao)具壽命試驗。實驗全(quan)過程(cheng)中發覺，1把槍鉆(zhan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)第四件(jian)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)時，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)響(xiang)聲(sheng)出現異常，因(yin)此(ci)降低(di)進(jin)給倍數(shu)為90%，再(zai)次加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，可圓滿完成第四件(jian)和(he)第5件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，但加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)第六件(jian)時，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)孔(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)78mm時，麻(ma)(ma)花鉆(zhan)斷裂(lie)。歷經實驗，在(zai)(zai)降低(di)進(jin)給倍數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)狀況(kuang)下(xia)，1把槍鉆(zhan)數(shu)多加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)5件(jian)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)，可避免麻(ma)(ma)花鉆(zhan)斷裂(lie)。
在一(yi)些深孔(kong)加工廠(chang)家范疇內(nei)，槍鉆(zhan)(zhan)能處理(li)麻花鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭不可以處理(li)的(de)深孔(kong)和高(gao)精密孔(kong)加工難題，可鉆(zhan)(zhan)出來一(yi)個(ge)平行度高(gao)、粗糙(cao)度好的(de)孔(kong)。并且在固(gu)定不動(dong)全部要(yao)素，如主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)承轉速比、進給速率和冷(leng)凍(dong)液工作(zuo)壓(ya)力后，深孔(kong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)這(zhe)一(yi)工藝(yi)流程(cheng)便(bian)變(bian)成一(yi)個(ge)簡單的(de)“規范”工藝(yi)流程(cheng)，不會受到操(cao)作(zuo)工技術(shu)性的(de)危害，要(yao)是是一(yi)個(ge)的(de)槍鉆(zhan)(zhan)便(bian)可在加工過程(cheng)中(zhong)出示一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)主要(yao)表現。